Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Contact Surface Wear Simulation#
Using a Archard wear model, this example demonstrates contact sliding of a hemispherical ring on a flat ring to produce wear.
The model includes:
Hemispherical ring with a radius of 30 mm made of copper.
Flat ring with an inner radius of 50 mm and an outer radius of 150 mm made of steel.
The hemispherical ring is in contact with the flat ring at the center from the axis of rotation at 100 mm and is subjected to a 1) pressure of 4000 N/mm2 and 2) a rotation with a frequency of 100,000 revolutions/sec.
The application evaluates total deformation and normal stress results, in loading direction, prior to and following wear. In addition, contact pressure prior to wear is evaluated.
Import necessary libraries#
import os
from PIL import Image
import ansys.mechanical.core as mech
from ansys.mechanical.core.examples import delete_downloads, download_file
from matplotlib import image as mpimg
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation
Embed mechanical and set global variables
app = mech.App(version=241)
globals().update(mech.global_variables(app, True))
print(app)
cwd = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "out")
def display_image(image_name):
plt.figure(figsize=(16, 9))
plt.imshow(mpimg.imread(os.path.join(cwd, image_name)))
plt.xticks([])
plt.yticks([])
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
Ansys Mechanical [Ansys Mechanical Enterprise]
Product Version:241
Software build date: 11/27/2023 10:24:20
Configure graphics for image export#
ExtAPI.Graphics.Camera.SetSpecificViewOrientation(ViewOrientationType.Front)
image_export_format = GraphicsImageExportFormat.PNG
settings_720p = Ansys.Mechanical.Graphics.GraphicsImageExportSettings()
settings_720p.Resolution = GraphicsResolutionType.EnhancedResolution
settings_720p.Background = GraphicsBackgroundType.White
settings_720p.Width = 1280
settings_720p.Height = 720
settings_720p.CurrentGraphicsDisplay = False
ExtAPI.Graphics.Camera.Rotate(180, CameraAxisType.ScreenY)
Download geometry and materials files#
geometry_path = download_file("example_07_td43_wear.agdb", "pymechanical", "00_basic")
mat1_path = download_file("example_07_Mat_Copper.xml", "pymechanical", "00_basic")
mat2_path = download_file("example_07_Mat_Steel.xml", "pymechanical", "00_basic")
Import geometry#
geometry_import = Model.GeometryImportGroup.AddGeometryImport()
geometry_import_format = (
Ansys.Mechanical.DataModel.Enums.GeometryImportPreference.Format.Automatic
)
geometry_import_preferences = Ansys.ACT.Mechanical.Utilities.GeometryImportPreferences()
geometry_import_preferences.ProcessNamedSelections = True
geometry_import_preferences.ProcessCoordinateSystems = True
geometry_import.Import(
geometry_path, geometry_import_format, geometry_import_preferences
)
ExtAPI.Graphics.Camera.SetFit()
ExtAPI.Graphics.ExportImage(
os.path.join(cwd, "geometry.png"), image_export_format, settings_720p
)
display_image("geometry.png")
Import materials#
Material import done !
Setup the Analysis#
Set up the unit system
ExtAPI.Application.ActiveUnitSystem = MechanicalUnitSystem.StandardNMM
Store all main tree nodes as variables
MODEL = ExtAPI.DataModel.Project.Model
GEOM = ExtAPI.DataModel.Project.Model.Geometry
CS_GRP = ExtAPI.DataModel.Project.Model.CoordinateSystems
CONN_GRP = ExtAPI.DataModel.Project.Model.Connections
MSH = ExtAPI.DataModel.Project.Model.Mesh
NS_GRP = ExtAPI.DataModel.Project.Model.NamedSelections
Add static structural analysis
Model.AddStaticStructuralAnalysis()
STAT_STRUC = Model.Analyses[0]
STAT_STRUC_SOLN = STAT_STRUC.Solution
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING = STAT_STRUC.Children[0]
Store name selection
CURVE_NS = [x for x in ExtAPI.DataModel.Tree.AllObjects if x.Name == "curve"][0]
DIA_NS = [x for x in ExtAPI.DataModel.Tree.AllObjects if x.Name == "dia"][0]
VER_EDGE1 = [x for x in ExtAPI.DataModel.Tree.AllObjects if x.Name == "v1"][0]
VER_EDGE2 = [x for x in ExtAPI.DataModel.Tree.AllObjects if x.Name == "v2"][0]
HOR_EDGE1 = [x for x in ExtAPI.DataModel.Tree.AllObjects if x.Name == "h1"][0]
HOR_EDGE2 = [x for x in ExtAPI.DataModel.Tree.AllObjects if x.Name == "h2"][0]
ALL_BODIES_NS = [x for x in ExtAPI.DataModel.Tree.AllObjects if x.Name == "all_bodies"][
0
]
Assign material to bodies and change behavior to axisymmetric
GEOM.Model2DBehavior = Model2DBehavior.AxiSymmetric
SURFACE1 = GEOM.Children[0].Children[0]
SURFACE1.Material = "Steel"
SURFACE1.Dimension = ShellBodyDimension.Two_D
SURFACE2 = GEOM.Children[1].Children[0]
SURFACE2.Material = "Copper"
SURFACE2.Dimension = ShellBodyDimension.Two_D
Change contact settings
CONT_REG = CONN_GRP.AddContactRegion()
CONT_REG.SourceLocation = NS_GRP.Children[6]
CONT_REG.TargetLocation = NS_GRP.Children[3]
# CONT_REG.FlipContactTarget()
CONT_REG.ContactType = ContactType.Frictionless
CONT_REG.Behavior = ContactBehavior.Asymmetric
CONT_REG.ContactFormulation = ContactFormulation.AugmentedLagrange
CONT_REG.DetectionMethod = ContactDetectionPoint.NodalNormalToTarget
Add a command snippet to use Archard Wear Model
AWM = """keyo,cid,5,1
keyo,cid,10,2
pi=acos(-1)
slide_velocity=1e5
Uring_offset=100
kcopper=10e-13*slide_velocity*2*pi*Uring_offset
TB,WEAR,cid,,,ARCD
TBFIELD,TIME,0
TBDATA,1,0,1,1,0,0
TBFIELD,TIME,1
TBDATA,1,0,1,1,0,0
TBFIELD,TIME,1.01
TBDATA,1,kcopper,1,1,0,0
TBFIELD,TIME,4
TBDATA,1,kcopper,1,1,0,0"""
CMD1 = CONT_REG.AddCommandSnippet()
CMD1.AppendText(AWM)
Insert remote point
REM_PT = MODEL.AddRemotePoint()
REM_PT.Location = DIA_NS
REM_PT.Behavior = LoadBehavior.Rigid
Mesh#
MSH.ElementOrder = ElementOrder.Linear
MSH.ElementSize = Quantity("1 [mm]")
EDGE_SIZING1 = MSH.AddSizing()
EDGE_SIZING1.Location = HOR_EDGE1
EDGE_SIZING1.Type = SizingType.NumberOfDivisions
EDGE_SIZING1.NumberOfDivisions = 70
EDGE_SIZING2 = MSH.AddSizing()
EDGE_SIZING2.Location = HOR_EDGE2
EDGE_SIZING2.Type = SizingType.NumberOfDivisions
EDGE_SIZING2.NumberOfDivisions = 70
EDGE_SIZING3 = MSH.AddSizing()
EDGE_SIZING3.Location = VER_EDGE1
EDGE_SIZING3.Type = SizingType.NumberOfDivisions
EDGE_SIZING3.NumberOfDivisions = 35
EDGE_SIZING4 = MSH.AddSizing()
EDGE_SIZING4.Location = VER_EDGE2
EDGE_SIZING4.Type = SizingType.NumberOfDivisions
EDGE_SIZING4.NumberOfDivisions = 35
EDGE_SIZING5 = MSH.AddSizing()
EDGE_SIZING5.Location = DIA_NS
EDGE_SIZING5.Type = SizingType.NumberOfDivisions
EDGE_SIZING5.NumberOfDivisions = 40
EDGE_SIZING6 = MSH.AddSizing()
EDGE_SIZING6.Location = CURVE_NS
EDGE_SIZING6.Type = SizingType.NumberOfDivisions
EDGE_SIZING6.NumberOfDivisions = 60
MSH.GenerateMesh()
ExtAPI.Graphics.Camera.SetFit()
ExtAPI.Graphics.ExportImage(
os.path.join(cwd, "mesh.png"), image_export_format, settings_720p
)
display_image("mesh.png")
Analysis settings#
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.NumberOfSteps = 2
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.CurrentStepNumber = 1
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.AutomaticTimeStepping = AutomaticTimeStepping.On
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.DefineBy = TimeStepDefineByType.Time
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.InitialTimeStep = Quantity("0.1 [s]")
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.MinimumTimeStep = Quantity("0.0001 [s]")
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.MaximumTimeStep = Quantity("1 [s]")
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.CurrentStepNumber = 2
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.Activate()
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.StepEndTime = Quantity("4 [s]")
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.AutomaticTimeStepping = AutomaticTimeStepping.On
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.DefineBy = TimeStepDefineByType.Time
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.InitialTimeStep = Quantity("0.01 [s]")
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.MinimumTimeStep = Quantity("0.000001 [s]")
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.MaximumTimeStep = Quantity("0.02 [s]")
STAT_STRUC_ANA_SETTING.LargeDeflection = True
Insert loading and boundary conditions#
FIX_SUP = STAT_STRUC.AddFixedSupport()
FIX_SUP.Location = HOR_EDGE1
REM_DISP = STAT_STRUC.AddRemoteDisplacement()
REM_DISP.Location = REM_PT
REM_DISP.XComponent.Output.DiscreteValues = [Quantity("0[mm]")]
REM_DISP.RotationZ.Output.DiscreteValues = [Quantity("0[deg]")]
REM_FRC = STAT_STRUC.AddRemoteForce()
REM_FRC.Location = REM_PT
REM_FRC.DefineBy = LoadDefineBy.Components
REM_FRC.YComponent.Output.DiscreteValues = [Quantity("-150796320 [N]")]
# Nonlinear Adaptivity does not support contact criterion yet hence command snippet used
NLAD = """NLADAPTIVE,all,add,contact,wear,0.50
NLADAPTIVE,all,on,all,all,1,,4
NLADAPTIVE,all,list,all,all"""
CMD2 = STAT_STRUC.AddCommandSnippet()
CMD2.AppendText(NLAD)
CMD2.StepSelectionMode = SequenceSelectionType.All
STAT_STRUC.Activate()
ExtAPI.Graphics.Camera.SetFit()
ExtAPI.Graphics.ExportImage(
os.path.join(cwd, "mesh.png"), image_export_format, settings_720p
)
display_image("mesh.png")
Insert results#
TOT_DEF = STAT_STRUC_SOLN.AddTotalDeformation()
NORM_STRS1 = STAT_STRUC_SOLN.AddNormalStress()
NORM_STRS1.NormalOrientation = NormalOrientationType.YAxis
NORM_STRS1.DisplayTime = Quantity("1 [s]")
NORM_STRS1.DisplayOption = ResultAveragingType.Unaveraged
NORM_STRS2 = STAT_STRUC_SOLN.AddNormalStress()
NORM_STRS2.NormalOrientation = NormalOrientationType.YAxis
NORM_STRS2.DisplayTime = Quantity("4 [s]")
NORM_STRS2.DisplayOption = ResultAveragingType.Unaveraged
CONT_TOOL = STAT_STRUC_SOLN.AddContactTool()
CONT_TOOL.ScopingMethod = GeometryDefineByType.Geometry
SEL1 = ExtAPI.SelectionManager.AddSelection(ALL_BODIES_NS)
SEL2 = ExtAPI.SelectionManager.CurrentSelection
CONT_TOOL.Location = SEL2
ExtAPI.SelectionManager.ClearSelection()
CONT_PRES1 = CONT_TOOL.AddPressure()
CONT_PRES1.DisplayTime = Quantity("1 [s]")
CONT_PRES2 = CONT_TOOL.AddPressure()
CONT_PRES2.DisplayTime = Quantity("4 [s]")
Solve#
STAT_STRUC_SOLN.Solve(True)
STAT_STRUC_SS = STAT_STRUC_SOLN.Status
Postprocessing#
Normal stress
Tree.Activate([NORM_STRS1])
ExtAPI.Graphics.ExportImage(
os.path.join(cwd, "normal_stresss.png"), image_export_format, settings_720p
)
display_image("normal_stresss.png")
Total deformation animation
animation_export_format = (
Ansys.Mechanical.DataModel.Enums.GraphicsAnimationExportFormat.GIF
)
settings_720p = Ansys.Mechanical.Graphics.AnimationExportSettings()
settings_720p.Width = 1280
settings_720p.Height = 720
TOT_DEF.ExportAnimation(
os.path.join(cwd, "totaldeformation.gif"), animation_export_format, settings_720p
)
gif = Image.open(os.path.join(cwd, "totaldeformation.gif"))
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(16, 9))
ax.axis("off")
img = ax.imshow(gif.convert("RGBA"))
def update(frame):
gif.seek(frame)
img.set_array(gif.convert("RGBA"))
return [img]
ani = FuncAnimation(
fig, update, frames=range(gif.n_frames), interval=200, repeat=True, blit=True
)
plt.show()
Project tree#
def print_tree(node, indentation=""):
print(f"{indentation}├── {node.Name}")
if (
hasattr(node, "Children")
and node.Children is not None
and node.Children.Count > 0
):
for child in node.Children:
print_tree(child, indentation + "| ")
root_node = DataModel.Project
print_tree(root_node)
├── Project
| ├── Model
| | ├── Geometry Imports
| | | ├── Geometry Import
| | ├── Geometry
| | | ├── Steel_Ring
| | | | ├── Steel_Ring
| | | ├── Hemispherical_Copper_Ring
| | | | ├── Hemispherical_Copper_Ring
| | ├── Materials
| | | ├── Structural Steel
| | | ├── Copper
| | | ├── Steel
| | ├── Coordinate Systems
| | | ├── Global Coordinate System
| | ├── Remote Points
| | | ├── Remote Point
| | ├── Connections
| | | ├── Connection Group
| | | | ├── Contact Region
| | | | | ├── Commands (APDL)
| | ├── Mesh
| | | ├── Edge Sizing
| | | ├── Edge Sizing 2
| | | ├── Edge Sizing 3
| | | ├── Edge Sizing 4
| | | ├── Edge Sizing 5
| | | ├── Edge Sizing 6
| | ├── Named Selections
| | | ├── all_bodies
| | | ├── dia
| | | ├── h1
| | | ├── h2
| | | ├── v1
| | | ├── v2
| | | ├── curve
| | ├── Static Structural
| | | ├── Analysis Settings
| | | ├── Fixed Support
| | | ├── Remote Displacement
| | | ├── Remote Force
| | | ├── Commands (APDL)
| | | ├── Solution
| | | | ├── Solution Information
| | | | ├── Total Deformation
| | | | ├── Normal Stress
| | | | ├── Normal Stress 2
| | | | ├── Contact Tool
| | | | | ├── Status
| | | | | ├── Pressure
| | | | | ├── Pressure 2
Cleanup#
Save project
app.save(os.path.join(cwd, "contact_wear.mechdat"))
app.new()
# delete example file
delete_downloads()
True
Total running time of the script: (6 minutes 38.830 seconds)